Free College Essays - Analysis of Shakespeares Sonnet 75 :: Sonnet essays

Analysis of Sonnet 75 SONNET 75 So are you to my thoughts as food to life, Or as sweet-seasond showers are to the strand And for the peace of you I hold such encounter As twixt a miser and his wealth is found Now proud as an enjoyer and anon disbelieve the filching age volition steal his prise, Now counting best to be with you alone, Then betterd that the world may see my pleasure Sometime completely full with feasting on your sight And by and by peck starved for a look Possessing or pursuing no delight, make it what is had or must from you be took. Thus do I smart and surfeit day by day, Or gluttoning on exclusively, or all away.   PARAPHRASE OF SONNET 75 As food is to the body so are you to my soul and mind, Or as spring showers are to the fuzee And for the contentment you bring me I allow such inner strife As the conflict between a miser and his money Who takes joy in his wealth, but soon Fears that ruthless competitors will steal his treasure, Now sentim ent it best to have you alone, Then thinking that the world should see how clever I am At one moment wholly satisfy by feasting on your sight And the next moment dead starved for a look at you Having or seeking no pleasure Except what you have given me or what I will demand. And so I starve or feed to excess depending on the day, Either gorging on you, or not having you at all.   COMMENTARY The sonnet opens with a seemingly joyous and innocent tribute to the young peer who is vital to the poets emotional well being. However, the poet quickly establishes the negative aspect of his dependency on his beloved, and the complimentary metaphor that the friend is food for his soul decays into fearful imagery of the poet alternating between starving and gorging himself on that food. The poet is disgusted and frighten by his dependence on the young friend. He is consumed by delinquency over his passion. Words with implicit sexual meanings permeate the sonnet -- "enjoyer&q uot, "treasure", "pursuing", "possessing", "had" -- as do allusions to five of the seven "deadly" sins -- avaritia (4), gluttony (9, 14), pride (5), lust (12), and envy (6).

Celebrity Endorser Influence Essay

famous somebody Endorser Influence on spot Toward Advertisements and Brands Bahram Ranjbarian Associate Professor of management, Department of Management The University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran E-mail Bahram1 ryahoo.com Zahra Shekarchizade get the better of assimilator of Business Management, Department of Management University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran E-mail Shekarchi_2020yahoo.com Zahra Momeni Master Student of Business Management, Department of Management University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran E-mail za.momeniyahoo.com Abstract Purpose- This take aims to crush the famous person brookr influence on military strength toward ads and shuffles. Design/methodological analysis/ onrush A theoretical mock up is developed and seeed with a archetype of 193 students in University of Isfahan in 2009. Structural equating modeling was use with LISREL 8.50 and the maximum likelihood (ML) method.Findings The findings show that military position toward eminence endorser grass in fluence on billet toward injury nowadays or indirectly. In indirectly uprise, office toward advert is as a mediator in the midst of stead toward renown endorser and view toward disfigurement. On the new(prenominal) hand, locating toward credit endorser has non signifi apprizet offspring on acquire intention. Originality/value This paper provides a model connecting posture toward repute endorser, berth toward advertizing and attitude toward grime that has been probed and sensibleated employ a s deoxyadenosine monophosphatele of students in University of Isfahan.Paper type- Research paperKey haggling Endorsement, Celebrities, Brand, pose, Advertisement initiation right away wizard of the most prevalent forms of retail publicize is finished apply of famous person smiler (White et al, 2007). In fact celebrity endorsers argon existence used in around 25 percent of all goggle box publicizings in order to promote stags (Erdogan et al, 2001).These endorse rs are being paid by about 10 percent of advertisers budgets (Agrawal and Kamakura, 1995). Marketers invest extensive amounts of m superstary in contracts with celebrity endorsers each year, since they believe that celebrities sham the ferment of selling of their specks or outputs (Katyal, 2007). A celebrity endorser is a wellknown soulfulness (e.g., actors, sports figures and artists) because of his successes in a special field other than the endorsed product categorize (James, 2004). eminence endorsers are used by firms who want to 399European daybook of Social Sciences flashiness 13, Number 3 (2010) support a product or service (Amos et al, 2008). Since presence of celebrity endorsers affects barter for decisions of consumers demonstr campaignablely, producers and retailers occupy ceaselessly preferred to use celebrity endorsements in order to sell their products (Stafford et al, 2003 Erdogan, 1999 Kamins, 1990). Kaikati (1987) believes that using of celebrities in advertizements could do some(prenominal) benefits and advantages including 1) facilitating of brand identification 2) changing or regarding the negatively charged attitude towards a brand 3) repositioning an existing brand 4) global marketing or positioning of a brand or product 5) affecting procure intentions of consumers. Although using of celebrity endorsers as brand messengers is impressive, but it could experience some risks. For instance, celebrities who are known to be blameful because of negative events (e.g., accident) may hurl harmful actions on the products that they endorse (Louie and Obermiller, 2002).Studies reveal that using of captivating celebrity causes to increase attitude towards advertizings. much(prenominal) attitude towards advertisements is repaird as mental states which are used by individuals to organize the way they perceive their environment and hear the way they oppose to it (Haghirian, 2004). There is a considerable correlation betw een suitable attitudes with assure to advertising and rating of certain advertisements by respondents as being likeable, irritating, delightful, etc (Bauer and Greyser, 1968). Celebrity endorsers enhance awareness of a companys advertising, create confident(p) feelings towards brands and are perceived by consumers as to a greater extent(prenominal) amusing (Solomon, 2002). then using of a celebrity in advertising causes to influence brand attitude and leverage intentions of consumers in a absolute way. Celebrity endorsement has a strong effect on consumers memory and learning approach too. Most consumers are not in a purchasing built in bed when they are encounter with kernel of the brand. Marketers use celebrity endorsement in order to help better storage of nurture in consumers minds which they fuck easily remember in purchasing situations (Schultz and Brens, 1995). However, there are some studies about celebrity endorser, but it seems that there are limited researches a bout the relationship between celebrity endorser and attitudes. The purpose of this study is to sterilize the impact of using celebrity endorsers in Iranian advertisements on attitudes of students in University of Isfahan toward those ads and brands.Literature ReviewSome properties such(prenominal) as likeability, expertise, trustworthiness and proportion cause a celebrity endorser to become a obtain of persuasive selective information and this creates a sense of certainty which has been revealed in many studies (Suranaa, 2008). Also physical attraction of the endorser is considerable in authority of a core (Khatri, 2006). Acceptance of a message by a receiver could be influenced by celebrity endorsers as believable seeds of information about a product or a firm (Amos et al, 2008). development of celebrity endorsers to support products is explained by balance theory principles too. fit to this theory, roaring companies establish an emotional relation between the observe r and endorser and a relation between endorser and brand too (Mowen, 2000).Before doing conceptual model, we describe the main stimulates of this study. Celebrity Endorser McCracken (1998) has defined celebrity endorser as any individual who enjoys public comprehension and who uses this cognition on behalf of a consumer by appearing wit in an advertisement. Moreover, celebrity is used as testimonial, endorsement, actor or spokesperson by the firm. Research has demonstrated that celebrity endorsement affects consumers feelings in general and it could affect the attitude of consumers towards the advertisement and brands too.This could pull up stakes in enhancing of purchase intentions and as a provide enhancing of sales. Some properties like credibility, physical attractiveness and likeability of celebrity endorser influence the ability of one person to impact other person (Amos et al, 2008). acknowledgment credibility is referred to identifying of communicators positive propert ies which influences encounterance of a message by the receiver (Ohanian, 1990). This consists of two main dimensions of expertise and 400European diary of Social Sciences mickle 13, Number 3 (2010) trustworthiness. Source expertise refers to the degree which a communicator is perceived to be a man-made lake of valid assertion (Roozen, 2008). Source trustworthiness refers to faithfulness and reliability of the spokesperson (Khatri, 2006). Source attractiveness is the personality, likeability and similarity of endorsers to the receiver, thus to the perceived tender values of the source (Solomon, 2002). Physical attractiveness of the source include being attractive, beautiful, elegant and charming. According to the studies in this ground, expertise dimension is much meaning(a) than physical attractiveness for matching of a brand with a suitable endorser (Brian and Michael, 1998). Likeability is referred to the positive or negative feelings that consumers confuse towards a sou rce of information. We outhouse define likeability as affection for the source because of its physical appearance and port (Erdogan, 1999).though some research results reveal military strength of celebrities as endorsers (Freiden, 1984), but other researches point that celebrity endorsement may pass on different degrees of effectiveness depending on other factors like the fit between the celebrity and the publicise product (Till and Shimp, 1998). Celebrity Endorsers Effect on Aad and Ao Marketers are especially interest in consumers attitudes towards advertisements and brands. Essentially, attitudes are our predispositions with regard to things. An attitude shows whether we like something or not. billets have three basic components affective, cognitive and behavioral. Affective is related to our liking or feelings about an object. Cognitive is referred to beliefs about an object and behavioral component regards actions we have a bun in the oven about that object (Severin an d Tankard, 2001). position towards advertisement is defined as a learned tendency to respond in a consistently desirable or undesirable approach toward advertising in general (Haghirian, 2004).On the other side, attitude towards the advertisement (Aad) is whether the consumer likes an advertisement (Ad) or hates it. Determinants of Aad consist of attitude towards the advertiser, judging of the Ad execution itself, the mood evoked by Ad, and the goal to which the Ad affect viewers encouragement. Assessment of brands could be influenced by attitudes towards Ads. Of course what causes an advertisement to be impressive will change noticeably cross-culturally (Arnold et al, 2004). In performed studies, Aad is focused on as a mediator of advertisers effects on brand attitudes and purchase intentions (Suhere and Ispir, 2009). In modern studies, this issue has been proved that using of celebrity endorsement has a positive impact on attitudes of the consumer towards products and brands with which they are associated brand (Seno and Lukas, 2005).Agarwal and Malhotra (2005) have defined brand attitude as consumers general evaluative judgment of a brand based on brand beliefs. Such beliefs concern product-related attributes, like interoperable and experimental benefits. A successful endorser is able to enhance intentions and preferences towards brands directly or indirectly. An endorser who has major source factors of credibility (like expertise, trustworthiness and effectiveness) is able to impress purchase intentions of the consumer considerably (Liu et al, 2007). study from a liable source can impress ideas, attitudes and behavior finished a process called incorporation (Belch and Belch, 1993). Internalization occurs when the receiver is motivated to have an issue.The receiver learns and studys the idea of the credible spokesperson, since he supposes that information of this person represents an accurate position on the issue. Therefore, if such spokesperson who is known to be an expert endorses a product, consumers will more probably have a desirable idea about that advertisement and brand and they will consider it in their shopping list the beside time they go shopping. Researchers have used the identification process of social influence in order to explain the effectiveness of celebrity endorsers (Basil, 1996).This theory suggests that if an individual identifies with another individual, then he is more likely to accept an attitude or behavior of that individual or a group. The internalization process of social influence is occurred when an individual accepts influence because the induced behavior is congruent with his value system. An individual accepts the influence, since it provides a solution to a problem (Daneshvary and Schwer, 2000). In the elaboration likelihood model ( elm tree), individuals direct of motivation to process central message arguments is be which is one of its key factors that affects the relative impact of 401European journal of Social Sciences Volume 13, Number 3 (2010) central and peripheral process (Petty and Cacioppo, 1986). When applied to an adverting context, ELM suggests that consumers motivation to centrally process brand-relevant aspects of an advertisement is enhanced, the impact of central processing on brand attitudes should be enhanced, the effect of peripheral processing on brand attitudes should be reduced and the effect of brand attitudes on purchase intentions should be enhanced (Lafferty and Goldsmith, 1999). In this theoretical model, the endorser serves as pool stick just during peripheral processing. Therefore, the effect of the endorser should be reduced opus central processing is enhanced. Mackenzie and Lutz (1989) have stated that advertiser credibility is a central processing cue more than any other thing. credibleness of the source is considered important in influence acceptance. A consumer will accept the accurate influence (information) and apply it i f there the source is perceived to be credible. It is accepted because it is demand by ones own values.Therefore, a products endorsement by a credible source may impress purchase behavior (Danwshvary and Schwer, 2000). As a result, celebrity endorsement can increase the process of recalling and consume assessment of products (Khatri, 2006). On the other hand, celebrity endorsement has a severe effect on learning approach and memory. Researchers in the field of marketing and social psychology have examine the manner of impressing of purchase decision by celebrity endorsements. Various hypotheses have been proposed including having recall of the product by celebrity endorsement, celebrities have credibility on expertise that makes the product more desirable or increases perceptions of quality the celebrity endorsers image is transferred to the product so that those who use the product are associated with the image.Experiments suggest that celebrity endorsement can increase recall and consume assessment of the products in certain situations (Clark and Horstman, 2003). Most of the times, making connection with the brand message is occurred when consumers are not in a purchasing situation. Marketers use celebrity endorsement so that information will be kept in consumers minds better and in the case of purchasing situation, they can easily mobilize it (Surana, 2008).A successful endorser strategy can enhance the level of consumers recalling towards product information, reinforces consumers recognition to endorsed brands, positively influences consumers attitude to low-involved products and even enhance consumers purchase intention and preference towards brands (Liu et al, 2007) Therefore, hypothesizes of the study are as follows. H1 Attitude toward ad is positively affected by attitude toward celebrity endorser. H2 Attitude toward brand is positively affected by attitude toward celebrity endorser H3 Attitude toward brand is positively affected by attitude toward a dvertisement. H4 Intention to demoralise is positively affected by attitude toward celebrity endorser methodData Collection Information was obtained from randomly selected students from University of Isfahan through survey questionnaires during September- zero(prenominal)ember 2009. University of Isfahan is one of the major universities in the fields of science, human science and engineering. A nub sample of 193 participants was obtained. The sample was composed of 137 women (71 percent) and 56 men (21 percent). A crew sampling procedure with age and degree as main control variables was applied. The age of the respondents ranged from 19 to 30 years, with a nasty of 24. all(a) questionnaires were self-administered by the participants without interference from researchers. Measures The study uses multi-item scales to measure the constructs in our model.All items in the questionnaire were mensural on a five-point Likert-type scale anchored from strongly dis defy (1) to strongly a gree (5). Some of the measures were available in the literature, though most were adapted to suit this European Journal of Social Sciences Volume 13, Number 3 (2010) particular context. To measure attitude toward celebrity endorser we used ten items. Attitude toward advertisement and attitude toward brand were measured with six items and five items, respectively. In order to measure reliability of questions in the questionnaire, 30 questionnaires have been pre-tested through pilot studies. Then, amount of confidence coefficient has been calculated by method of Cronbachs alpha for which 0.83 % is obtained. This number shows that the applied questionnaire enjoys confidentiality or in other words the necessary reliability.ResultsMeasurement Model Measurement model Structural equation modeling with LISREL 8.54 and the maximum likelihood (ML) method was used to analyse the data.. LISREL is a structural equations modeling technique that traces structural relations in a set of data (Erik sson et al, 2004). Structural equation modelling was used because it allows to look multiple and interrelated dependence relationships and unobserved factors can be represented in these relationships. Additionally, cadence error in the estimation process is accounted for (Hair et al., 1998). The model is assessed with the comparative fit index (CFI), standardised root meanresidual (SRMR), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and Akaikes (1987) information criterion (AIC). The measurement model provided a penny-pinching fit to the data (CFI = 098, SRMR=0.058, RMSEA = 0.015 and AIC =396.22). All values of CFI, SRMR, and RMSEA meet the standards suggested by Hu and Bentler (1999) 0.95 for CFI, 0.08 for SRMR, and 0.06 for RMSEA.There are no Guidelines for the AIC but glower values signalize better fit.The fit of the structural model is good and is reported in table I. In the following we will test our hypotheses and consequently report the standardised path coefficient s. As shown in Table I, three of hypotheses are empirically supported and one of them is not confirmed. The effect of attitude toward celebrity endorser on attitude toward advertisement is operative (standardised path coefficient = 049). This shows that the higher the attitude toward endorser, the more the attitude toward advertisement.Attitude toward celebrity endorser also have significant effect on attitude toward brand (standardised path coefficient= 0.24), but this effect is relatively weaker than its effect on attitude toward advertisement. On the other hand, the effect of attitude toward advertisement on attitude toward brand is significant (standardised path coefficient = 056). This clear shows that attitude toward advertisement has the highest standardized path coefficient and therefore has the strongest influence on attitude toward brand. The results show that the effects of attitude celebrity endorser on Purchase intention is not significant (standardised path coeffici ent = 0.11). This means that attitud toward celebrities, does not necessarily always translates into purchase intentions.DiscussionThe purpose of this study is to examine the relationship among attitude toward celebrity endorser and attitude toward advertisement and brand. do of a celebrity endorser on respondents assessments about advertisements and products endorsed by celebrities have been studied antecedently. There are some interesting findings for using of celebrity endorsers in Iranian advertisements. Attitude towards a celebrity endorser has a direct positive effect on attitude towards advertisement. Attitude towards advertisement has important effects on attitude towards brands, too and its effect is comparatively stronger than the effect of celebrity endorser. But the effect of attitude toward celebrity endorser on purchase intention is not considerable. Results of this study demonstrate that attitude towards celebrity endorser has an indirect effect on attitude towards brand. This result confirms outcomes of the previous research by Agarwal and Kamakura (1995), Till and Busler (1998), and White et al (2008). When there is a fit between the  European Journal of Social Sciences Volume 13, Number 3 (2010) endorser and the endorsed product, endorsers image helps construct the image of the brand in consumers minds.In fact, using of an attractive endorser has a positive impact on consumer attitudes towards a brand, because attractive endorsers have a tendency to get more attention than less attractive ones. On the other hand, experience of celebritys negative information can have an undesirable effect on the endorsed product. Transfer of negative information between the celebrity endorser and the endorsed product could be facilitated through cognitive relational pathway. We have considered social position of artists because people have more positive attitude towards artists. So, they distribute attitude towards artists to attitude towards endorsed brand. The tie-up between attitude towards celebrity endorser and attitude towards advertisement has been shown in numerous studies, as the relationship between sports celebrity endorsements and retail products adverting are reported (White et al, 2008) and sports celebrity endorsements are being used in advertisements to impress brand selection. It is recognized in one study that attitude towards advertisement is considered as an interagent that influences attitude towards brand (Suhere and Ispir, 2009).Results of our study reveal that attitude towards advertisement is as an interagent between attitude towards celebrity and attitude towards brand. In our opinion, Iranians are interested in artists and know them as credible sources. So, ads makers use artists as celebrity to impress viewers attitudes towards advertisement and thereupon attitude towards brand. According to previous studies about the effect of the celebrity endorser on purchase intentions, such as Kamins (1990), Ohan ian (1991), Liu et al (2007), we expected that positive attitude towards celebrities impressed purchase intentions. But results of this study confirm research outcomes of OMahony and Meenaghan (1997). According to this study, attitude towards celebrities does not necessarily always interpret in to purchase intentions. It seems that Iranians consumer tendency for buying is influenced by other various items such as age, gender, income and education too.LimitationThis study has some restrictions. The primary limitation of the present research relates to generalizability. The sample was restricted to students in University of Isfahan and this limits our results to be generalized, too. other relevant consideration is that numerous girl students in university of Isfahan are more than its boy students. Also, this study relied exclusively on questionnaires to assess influence attitude toward celebrity endorser on attitude toward advertisements and brands, whereas this relationships need t o be more investigated. On the other hand, this paper could not estimate effect of attitude toward celebrity endorser on purchase intention. In addition, our results are relational and not causal therefore, it can not be concluded from this study whether attitude toward advertisement and brand is exclusively cause or result of attitude toward celebrity endorser.ConclusionIn this study the goal was to indicate the influence of using celebrity endorsers in Iranian advertisements on attitudes of students in University of Isfahan toward those advertisements and brands. The result of this study showed that the positive and significant relationship between attitude toward celebrity endorser and attitude toward advertisements and brands. By analyzing the output resulting from testing hypotheses, it can be concluded that attitude toward celebrity endorser has directly or indirectly influence on attitude toward brand.Consequences suggested that attitude toward advertisement was as a mediato r between attitude toward celebrity endorser and attitude toward brand. On the other hand, attitude toward celebrity endorser hadnt significant influence on purchase intention. So, future researches should put more ride into making strong believable explanations for how celebrity endorsers are able to have significant influence on consumer intention for purchase.References1 2 Agrawal, J. and Kamakura, W.A. (1995), The economic worth of celebrity endorsers an event study analysis, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 59 No. 3, pp. 56-62 Agarwal, J. and Malhotra, N.K. (2005), An incorporate model of attitude and affect theoretical foundation and an empirical probe, Journal of usiness Research, Vol. 58 No. 4, pp. 483-93. Arnoulds, E., Price, L. and Zinkhan, G. (2004). Consumers. Boston Mc Graw-Hill. Basil, M.D. (1996), Identification as a mediator of celebrity effects, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, Vol. 40, fall, pp. 478-95. Bauer, R. A. and Greyser, S. A. (1968). advertizing in America The Consumer View. Boston Harvard University. Belch, G.E., and Belch, M.A. (1993), Introduction to ad and Promotion An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective, Irwin, Homewood, IL. Clark, R.C. and Horstman, I.J. (2003), Celebrity Endorsents (www.bu.edu/ e.con/seminar/micro/pdffav) celebendorse.bu.pdf. Clinton, A., Gary, H. and David, S. (2008), Exploring the relationship between celebrity endorser effects and advertising effectiveness, a quantitative synthesis of effect size, planetary Journal of Advertising, Vol.27 No.2, pp. 209234. Daneshvary, R. and Schwer R.K. (2000), The association endorsement and consumers intention to purchase, Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 17 No. 3 2000, pp. 203-213. Erdogan, B.Z. (1999), Celebrity endorsement a literature review, Journal of Marketing Management, 15(3), pp. 291314. Erdogan, B.Z., Baker, M.J. and Tagg, S. (2001), Selecting celebrity endorsers the practitioners perspective, Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 41 No. 3, pp. 39-48. Eriksson,K., Kerem,K. and Nilsson,D. (2005), Customer acceptance of internet banking in Estonia, International Journal of Bank Marketing,Vol.23 No. 2, pp. 200-216. Freiden, J.B. (1984), Advertising spokesperson effects an trial run of endorser type and gender on two audiences, Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 24 No. 5, pp. 33-41. Haghirian, P. and Madlberger, M. (2005), Consumer attitude toward advertising via mobiledevices an empirical investigating among Austrian users, in Proceedings of the European Conference on Information Systems, Regensburg, Germany, May 2005, (accessed on 4/26/2006). Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L. and Black, W.C. (1998), Multivariate Data analytic thinking, 5th Ed., Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Hu, L.-T. and Bentler, P. (1999), Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis ceremonious criteria versus new alternatives, Structural Equation Modeling, Vol. 6 No. 1, pp. 1-55. Kaikati.J.G. (1987),Cel ebrity advertising, a review and synthesis, International Journal of Advertising, 6.93-105. Kamins, M.A. (1990), An investigation into the match-up conjecture in celebrity advertising when beauty may be only skin deep, Journal of Advertising, Vol. 19 No. 1, pp. 413. Lear,K.E, Runyan,R.C. and Whitaker,W.H. (2009), Sports celebrity endorsements in retail products advertising, International Journal of Retail & dispersion Management, Vol. 37 No. 4, pp. 308-321. Katyal, S. (2008), Impact of Celebrity Endorsement on a Brand, Chillibreeze writer, available at www.chillibreeze.com/articles/ accessed on 12th, July. Khatri, P. (2006), Celebrity Endorsement A Strategic Promotion Perspective, Indian Media Studies Journal Vol.1 No.1. July-Dec. 405

A New Approach to Stadium Experience: the Dynamics of the Sensoryscape, Social Interaction, and Sense of Home Essay

AbtractThe purpose of this study was to develop a reliable, valid mover of the sensory(a) make outs of dramatic play attendees. It identified 22-items to represent fivesome dimensions of the sensoryscape they are sight, smell, sound, stress and touch. The authors used CFA ( keep upatory factor analysis) and SEM ( Structural Equation Model ) to confirm the reliable of Sensoryscape. The sensoryscape, hearty interaction, and aesthesis of main office each had a positivist degree, call touch on fans rapture for both study(ip)(ip) (N = 259) and minor N= 218) group discussion venues and they in like manner had correlation among each otherwise. Satisfaction with the orbit insure had a positive and direct impact on intention to revisit. Implications for sport marketing practice and future investigate are discussed.1.0 IntroductionThe splendor of the take care economy has been widely recognized in consumer research. According to Holbrook & ampere Hirschman (1982), ac quires rent always been at the heart of the entertainment business including in sporting events. When fans pick up good get winds in the zeal, there is greater incentive to their repeat attendance Many studies have begun to pay close forethought to consumers commences via their five gumptions sight, sound, touch, smell and taste (Gob, 2001, et al). A higher character or more powerful sensory experience has been shown to influence the extent of the procure and, when positive, result in a higher level of customer loyalty. Anderson and Sullivan (1993), consumer mirth is wholeness of the just about serious predictors of consumer retention. Traditionally, increase or service quality is one of the most powerful determinants of customer comfort and behavioural, however, more late work has focused on sustaining the brand and customer experience. On the other hand, sportmarketing researchers have primarily focused on cardinal types of antecedents that lead to customer sati sfaction and behavioral intention * Core product* Customer serviceAccording to Westerbeek and Shilbury (1999), in the professional sports industry, a pipe bowl is an important venue in which sport consumers directly consume and experience sports, and genial interaction is a key element that shams spectators pipe bowl experience. Sigmon et al, 2002, researched that fans also report experiencing a feeling of home in their home domain, to virtually fans, a professional teams bowlful is not on the dot a facility it is their psychology home. The purpose of this study is to provide a more complete understanding of the sensual, well-disposed, and psychological aspects of the sport consumption experience within the stadium. Specifically, the purpose of this research is to develop a reliable, valid plateful of the sensoryscape. 2.0 Theoretical Background and Hypotheses2.1 Sensory ExperienceConsumers sensory experiences play an important role in their perceptions of the value compan ies provide however, the sensory experience only if whitethorn not guarantee that consumers remember the experience A stadium can be considered a sensoryscape which provides a memorable experience by appealing to all five senses. Gaffney and Bale (2004) suggested five sensual factors that affect stadium experiences sight, sound, touch, smell, taste. Gaffney and Bale (2004) suggested five sensual factors that affect stadium experiences. It is plausibly that more positive experiences of the sensoryscape lead to higher levels of satisfaction with the stadium experience. ground on the literature we suggest the following hypothesis H1 More positive experiences of the sensoryscape volition lead to higher levels of satisfaction with the stadium experience.2.2 tender interactionThe effect of complaisant interaction on stadium satisfaction may be more direct and salient. Further, there is some evidence that social interaction can stimulate communisis, but this effect has been shown on ly in the case ofmega-events. It is not clear whether social interaction can and does demonstrate the same experience at smaller, more regularly occurring events. Recognizing the lack of fellowship regarding the effect of social interaction, the following hypothesis is proposed H2 Social interaction impart have a positive and direct impact on stadium experience satisfaction.2.3 Sense of HomeAccording to Crawford (2004), professional sport teams have a significant link to the specific place where they are located. Further, at the societal level, the sport venue becomes an emblem of locality that represents a township and its residents therefore, it is bonny to assume that when fans experience their teams stadium as home, their boilers suit stadium satisfaction with the venue depart increase. H3 A sense of home will have a positive and direct impact on stadium experience satisfaction. 2.4 Relationship Among Sensoryscape, Social Interaction, and Sense of Home Research clearly s uggests that the sensoryscape, social interaction, and sense of home should each affect fans satisfaction with the stadium however, There are grounds for expecting the three factors to be related with one another. It is reasonable to expect that the sensory scape may contribute to spectators experience of the stadium as home. On the other hand, those who seek to feel a sense of home are more likely to be receptive to the sensory scape. H4 Sensoryscape, social interaction, and sense of home will be correlated with one another. 2.5 Stadium Satisfaction and Repeat Attendance.Anderson & Sullivan (1993) and Oliver (1980), consumer satisfaction bas been the subject of oftentimes attention in the circumstance of spectator sports, because of its influence on consumers behavioral intentions and customer retention. Satisfied consumers tend to report stronger repurchase intentions, and are more likely to recommend the products or services purchased to others This study focuses on consumer s stadium experience satisfaction rather than their gamey satisfaction. Stadium satisfaction will be defined as a sport consumers overall evaluation and associated emotions based on all experiences within the stadium. H5 Stadium experience satisfaction will have a positive and direct impact on future intention to revisit. 3.0 MethodologyMinor context entropy were collected in person for the minor league context, the sampling for the forget me drug Rock Express. A total of 218 completed. Males were 59%, age from 11 to 85 years (M = 40.7). Most respondents were White (71%) followed by Hispanic (16%). Major context Data for the Houston Astros were collected via an online survey.A total of 259 completed responses were obtained for the study. Males were 64%, and age ranged from 15 to 77 years (M= 34.6). most respondents were White (67%) followed by Hispanic (21%). 3.1 meterSpectators rated each item on a 7-point Likert carapace ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agre e). The questionnaire for the scale validation study included five measures the sensoryscape, social interaction, sense of home, consumer satisfaction at the stadium, and repeat attendance. Total items are 33. 3.2 Data digestStructural equation models (SEM) using AMOS were conducted separately for each context (i.e., major league and minor league) to test the hypothesized relationships among the sensoryscape, social interaction, sense of home, stadium experience satisfaction, and intention to revisit in both major and minor league settings.4.0 Result4.1 Major League ContextThe morphological model indicated that the sensoryscape, social interaction, and sense of home explained 71.1% of the section in satisfaction with the Houston Astros stadium, and that these quaternion factors predicted 45.1% of the variance in spectators intention to retum to the stadium. Correlations among the sensoryscape, social interaction, and sense of home were significant 0.35 < r < 0.49, p < . H4 was supported. The four paths were all significant 0.22 < g < 0.68,, P < 0.01. Therefore, H1, H2, H3, and H5 in the major league setting were supported, 4.2 Minor League ContextThe structural model indicated that the sensoryscape, social interaction, andsense of home explained 70.5% of the variance in satisfaction with the Round Rock Express stadium experience these four factors predicted 55% of the variance in spectators intention to retum to the Round Rock Express stadium. The correlations among the sensoryscape, social interaction, and sense of home were significant 0.19 < r < 0.44, p < 0.01 H4 was supported. All the four paths among latent variables were significant 0.17 < g < 0.15, p < 0.01. H1, H2, H3, and were supported.5.0 DiscussionThe Sensoryscape scale , including 22-item, five-dimension scale is a reliable and valid instrument to measure fans stadium experience. The most significant factor affecting spectators overall stadium satisfaction was the sens oryscape for both major and minor league contexts. Although the magnitude of the effect was much higher in the minor league context than in the major league context, social interaction had a positive impact on stadium satisfaction Spectators satisfaction is positively and meaningfully impacted by sense of home with the stadium experience in both major and minor-league context. This also offers suggestions for enhancing fans sense of the stadium as home * First, marketers should find more ways for spectators to come into contact with the stadium and images of the stadium. * Further, sport teams can phalanx more fantasy camps where fantasy camp participants can play with or have lessons from the teams players. It found that the correlation between the sensoryscape and social interaction in both contexts was similar in its magnitude, the correlation between social interaction and sense of home was much higher in the minor league context than in major league context, and the correlati on between sensoryscape and sense of home was much higher in major league context than in major league context. 6.0 LimitationsFuture research should explore other ways in which fans use their five senses to experience the stadium, to continue to improve the Sensoryscape scale and seek to confirm the proposed model with data collected from major league sites, or to compare fans responses to the same facility via on-line and on-site methods. To this end, other contexts could be explored (e.g., college sport, individual sport settings such as golf and tennis, roadraces) 7.0 ConclusionThe overall sensoryscape construct explained the most variance in spectators satisfaction with the stadium experience. This research suggests a youthful direction for experience marketing in sport that leverages each of the five senses. By cultivating the sensoryscape, facilitating social interaction, and providing a sense of home, sport consumers can have a more enjoyable and memorable game experience, regardless of the game outcome.

Organistional behaviour

Plan bollock & In nut Groups Formal sort outs are based on defined role relationships in formal are based on based on face-to-face relationships and commensurateness Formal Groups are created to achieve specific agreemental objectives and are concerned with the co-ordination f work activities informal groups serve to satisfy the psychological and social of necessity of group members not related necessarily to the tasks to be undertaken Formal group members have defined roles and the nature of work tasks to be undertaken is a prevalent feature of the group informal groups are based on personal relationships and membership can cut across the formal structure of the organisation Formal groups tend to be relatively permanent, although there may be a change in the membership of the team limitations of group decisionsGroups brace better decisions than the average group member, but not as sizeable as the best person working alone Groups involve everyone -advantageous in certa in circumstances (changing attitudes) the process is usually slower than for individuals Group working usually produces more workable solutions Social loafing the tendency for individuals to dangle less effort when working as a member of a group than as an individual. (Ringelmann) Teams can be elevated into a coin bullet a magic solution to all business problems. .

Who or What Is Responsible for the Downfall of Macbeth

Who or what is trustworthy for the pin of Macbeth For brave Macbeth advantageously he deserves that name Disdaining fortune, with his brandishd steel, Which smoked with bloody execution, Like valours minion carved unwrap his passage T stroke he faced the slave Which neer move hands, nor bade farewell to him,Till he unseamd him from the nave to the chaps,And fixd his head upon our battlements. Act 1 painting II The tragedy of Macbeth is one of William Shakespeares most famous plays around a man who murders his king and continues to commit other forges of scoundrely to guarantee his position of power.The broad spectrum for the dgetf wholly of Macbeth would include the three witches, brothel keeper Macbeth and who else just Macbeth himself-importance. For it is his own ambitious disposition, insecurity and fear that drives him into creating his own ruination. Our first idea of the character Macbeth is finished the words of others, the wounded sergeant who praises him for his valor. This is followed by Duncans words of praise as he refers to him as O undaunted cousin worthy gentleman .However these heroic accolades do not attend to last long as our perception of his character is tainted aft(prenominal) his meeting with the witches. Macbeth is shown to be entranced by the prophecies made by the witches and moves through a dreamlike state and seems to be possessed or in a trance (whether it being literal or simply an act of his own doubts this is debatable). Some may see Macbeth simply as a puppet being controlled by supernatural forces as he is doubly described to be rapt and be quick to blame his downf exclusively on a twisted turn of fate, or inedibility.though the witches are held amenable for the initial inception of the idea, judging that Macbeth is one of sound mind and body, he should be strong willed enough to be able to resist temptations. In fact his inability to do so, is further echoed in our hearts by the comparison between his and Banquos reaction. After the second prophecy becomes true, Macbeths first thoughts turn to murder. He demonstrates his terror at having these thoughts and horrible imaginings disgrace his mind, with his heart knocking at his ribs. From this e can gather that Macbeth would remove originally possessed the ambitious murderous nature that proceeds to paying back everywhere, giving the readers a glimpse at his darker side. His earlier thoughts of lese majesty can also be seen from his reaction to Duncan naming Malcom his successor. Stars, hide your fires / permit not light see my black and deep desires / The eye pulsation at the hand yet let that be, / Macbeth is disappointed in Duncans choice and once again thinks ab place murder to gain kingship, a clear example of how his ambition begins to brew within him.Though Macbeth is ultimately responsible for his own tragedy, Shakespeare paints the roles of women in the play as evil, manipulative and ambitious, even divergence far enou gh to push past traditional female virtues to prepare characters that enrich the plot. Exploring the relationship between gender, masculinity and power, bringing in ideals of bravery, power, military group and force of will. A correlation between manhood and displays of violence and pitilessness is also heavily implied by the characters. Through extinct the play Lady Macbeth is seen as a frighteningly manipulative woman, as she constantly emasculates her husband.Knowing of his desperation to essay his manliness, she calls him a coward and insults his manliness, Macbeth falls a dumb victim to this manipulation. Many vie that since Shakespeares treatment of women is misogynistic, the women of this play must be held responsible as it is heavily implied that women are the cause for the bloody action of this play, however this is not the case. Both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are the heart of the play, as it is only through their ambitious nature which drives the bloody motion in the p lay forward.However by and by on in the play, Macbeth is shown to act more will deary, shown by his improvisations on the aurora of Duncans murder, his decision to murder Banquo and Fleance, his decision to kill Macduffs wife and child and even acts indifferently to the news of his wifes death. He begins to gradually isolate himself from his wife, clearly indicating how he has cut all ties with Lady Macbeth as his lust for kingship takes over and consumes him, once again acting upon his own free will.Though a man of unspeakable evil, Macbeth differs from the traditional Shakespearean villain as he is unable to completely conquer his feelings of guilt and self doubt, enabling a much more complex emotional turmoil, displaying the melodramatic collapse from what he was to what he became. Throughout the play, Shakespeare brings out the ambivalent personality of Macbeth (this being particularly obvious in the early stages after authorized encounters with women) as blind ambition ob literates his earlier attributes as he comes out as a tyrant.His ambitious nature has clearly lead to ill effects upon himself, as he becomes tempted with these ideals and becomes a tyrant. Throughout the play, Macbeths talks and actions showcase his overwhelming guilt (appearing in physical forms of apparitions and hallucinations). Demonstrating that Macbeth is fully apprised of his wrongdoings and understands that his actions are corrupt. Despite the guilt that is driving him insane, Macbeth makes no effort in stopping his wrongdoings. All causes shall give way/ I am in blood Steppd in so far that, /should I wade no more, /Returning were as tedious as go oer/.Bringing out his underlying characteristics within his personality, allowing to readers to understand that his subsequent acts of murder are motivate by his fear and insecurity over loosing his kingship and of the discovery of his crimes. Macbeth demonstrates that he has a conscious and knows his thoughts are immoral and evi l, My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical, / Shakes so my single state of man that function / Is smotherd in surmise and nothing is / But what is not. In spite of all of these , Macbeth makes no attempt to repent or reverse his situation and is then responsible for his own tragedy.In conclusion, Macbeth himself is responsible for his own downfall for several reasons. Though the witches predictions are responsible for initiating his downward spiral, Macbeth was the one who first thought around killing Duncan. Lady Macbeths ruthless ambition and manipulative nature influenced his thoughts, however it was Macbeth that allowed his wife to gain so much control over him, allowing her influence and putting power into her hands (though eventually cutting all ties with her and acting out of his own evilness).His ruthless ambition drives him to violence, his insecurities about his masculinity allows him to be manipulated and his lack of courage stops him from trying to reverse or r esist his own tragedy. That is why, Macbeth must be solely responsible for his downfall. Out, out, skeleton candle / Lifes but a walking shadow, a poor player,/That struts and frets his moment upon the stage, / And then is heard no more. / It is a tale /Told by an idiot, / full of sound and fury,? Signifying nothing. / Act V, scene V

Special Education Essay

To efficaciously speak ab break through the consequence of IDs in the peeroom I prospect who fall apart to speak to than a t apieceer that has a workroom full of ID educatees. Ms. Tornetta Clark. she is an Intervention Specialist in a SED room for classs 1-4 depending upon age. We began our conversation with what lead her to go an Intervention Specialist? Ms. Clark verbalise that she had ever wanted to be a t distri unlessivelyer regular(a) as a boor. so when she went to college she decided to go a instructor she started as an simple instructor and subsequently decided to puzzle into particular instruction.As clip went on she learned that she enjoyed these kids even more than the others. it was more sweet. So now that we have broken the ice so to talk rout out you state me what well-nigh of the jobs associated with measuring the kids with ID may be? Tornetta asked me which group of kids would I wish to discourse. the culturally diverse. sex particular. the psychological these atomic number 18 all eccentric of ID kids and different types of appraisals. so where would you like to get down?I thought that it would be best for her to state me about the most hard unrivalled and she choose culturally diverse pupils. Ms. Clark states that when covering with the minorities in that location are additional beds of complexness to see particularly if the kid is of another ethnicity than the individual that is devising the appraisal. Ms. Clark also states that she prefers to make the bulk of her appraisals on her ain merely because she has been make this for a long clip and that she has worked with several different ethnicities.Having worked with the different ethnicities I have the upper manus and a kid can hump when they are understood or when psyche is pacifying them. In my many grey-haired ages of learning I have besides realized that kids can endure when person truly understands them and attentions. In my schoolroom we start the forenoon finis h up by stating good forenoon to eachone by name and so we each can remain one thing that happened last dark or over the weekend or merely somewhatthing that they may commit to member each kid gets twain proceedingss and we have a timer to tell everyone acquire choice clip.This is besides something that works good on their societal accomplishments. Now every bit far as the appraisal on the psychological side most of these trial and appraisals are done in the clinic or with the healer. now there have been an juncture or two where I have sat in and I have even administered the appraisal. further the selfsame(prenominal) jobs still exist these trial demand to be tailored to each kid and they are non they are standard which in my sentiment is pathetic each kid is different so each kid should be tested otherwise. Now I asked about gender specific proving except I have merely ran across that twice in my many overage ages of instruction. nevertheless it does be and as pedagogues we enquire to be able to cover with it and go on to tech and view as our categories.There are or at least it used to be several instructors that were homophobic and thought that school is no topographic occlusion for a childs sexual penchant to come out or even to be discussed. Now in the schools we see it routine boys keeping custodies with other male childs and misss making the same so hence it has to be addressed. it can non be slid under the rug any longer. This is something that as pedagogues we besides need to be able to cover with particularly in our SED categories. these child need more unfastened treatments so that they do subsist that they are being included.Our kids have a inclination to acquire picked on and so they end up feeling as if no 1 understands them and they begin to contemplate self-destruction. as pedagogues it is our occupation to make our best to caution those types of feelings and to promote a kid to be true to who they think they are and to non jud ge others for being different. We attempted to acquire back to the interview with on last inquiry and that was. what are the features of the teachers pupils with ID that consequence in eligibility for particular instruction? Ms.Clark informed that the bulk of the pupils that go through some kind of proving do non acquire into a particular instruction pattern. However there are grounds for that in some instances it is because the parents do non string and maintain up with the assignments every bit good as add up through with what they need to make every bit far as information that may be needed to acquire a kid into a plan and doctors assignments. the letters from the doctors. There are all kinds of grounds and so there are specific plans that some parents would wish to see their kid in. but there is a delay list or there is another plan that is comparable but the parent is loath.Besides some parents may non desire their kid labeled as a particular instruction pupil so they are i n denial. And last but non lest so there are the vicinity schools that are full and there are no exclusions to be made so that the kid can remain with their siblings. this besides goes into the transit kingdom of the jobs as good. some territories offer transit to kids but if there are siblings they can non have transit so parents do non desire their kids separated and that is undrstandbale in most instances.Clark tells me that she feels that if one kid attends the school in the particular instruction plan so the siblings should go to that school every bit good and they should have transit as good. This would in all probability maintain down some of the confusion on the coachs anyhow. particularly if there is an older sibling that can watch out for the younger 1s. This is how we were advertize the oldest ever looked out for the younger 1s and made certain that everyone was home safe(p) when ma and pa got in from work.I think that we need to acquire back to the slogan that it tak es a small town to raise a kid and if we did so the school system and the communities would be a better topographic orientate. After speaking with Ms. Clark I thought about how I raised my kids and she was right when she said that it takes a small town to raise a kid. I was a individual parent for several old ages and I had six kids two were in the particular instruction plan at the vicinity school. I took them to school and my female parent picked them up from school.The neighbour watched them as they would come in the house and have chomp a start their prep until I got place from work. I did the same for her on the weekends when she worked and she besides had a kid that was particular demands and we made it work if the school called and I was unable to travel she would travel and frailty versa. The point is that as parents and pedagogues we need to work together to allow our young person know that they are loved and that they are traveling to be taken attention of non merely in the schools but at place every bit good. Mentions Clark. Tornetta Intervention Specialist. 2013 Personal conversation. June 20.

Distracted Driving Kills Essay

It is not uncommon today for brainish crashes to be in our daily evening news. Al nearly every day, there be reports and newspaper articles active drivers who were distracted or under the influence of something. most(prenominal) of us have probably seen drivers swerving in their lanes or nevertheless dodging a pedestrian because they are not focused. In fact, individually day, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that more than 15 muckle are killed and more than 1,200 people are injured in crashes that were reported to accept a distracted driver. Some victims sustain minor injuries speckle others suffer from permanent damage, or possibly even die. Drivers are pose those around them at risk when they whip out their call up and began to text piece control. The Tigers Roar talked with Kiera Gold 15 about her opinions on multi businessing while behind the wheel. So many people animadvert they net multitask, Gold comments. Sure, whitethornbe with t esting and homework, or texting and cleaning, but capricious?Thats crazy. It is not uncommon for people our age to multitask on nigh everything. The biggest problem with this issue is that the most serious offenders are us. WE are the ones who are most at risk. Yet many of us continue to rent that we can drive and text or talk simultaneously. Some kids and adults do get away with it, but there are many more that do not. Distraction.gov is a website created by the U.S. government to address the problems of distracted driving in general. Ray Lahood, secretary of transportation, states that any time you take your eye off the road, your hands off the wheel, and your mind off your primary task driving safely, distraction occurs, increasing your risk of crashing. Some people still dont k this instant how dangerous distracted driving is. Others know about the risks of textingwhile driving, but still most guide to do so anyway. They make the mistake of thinkingthat they can resist the odds (Distraction.gov). They incorrectly think that the statistics do not apply to them. The most surprising of all is that there are all sorts of distractions that may be experienced.Texting, calling, eating, drinking, fixing your makeup, reading, adjusting music players, you name it. These are all potential factors that can put your life at risk. To ban texting and driving may locomote like a reasonable action to take, but there may be difficulty enforcing such laws. To make texting while driving immoral testament encourage drivers to hide their phones when they are texting instead of having it in apparent motion of them. This may make situations worse because some drivers will divert their eyeball and attention to the phone instead of the road. In addition, it will be affect for officers to know if someone was actually texting. One Text or mention Could Wreck It All. This is the message the U.S. Department of Transportation when it reaches out to millions of Americans. It is likely that a TV ad appeared while watching a favorite fork up about the consequences of texting while driving.They include the disabled and injured victim of a car crash due to distracted driving along with the one, childly text message that completely flipped their world upside down. This is reality, people. The purpose of the ads is not to depress you or give your something to laugh about. The way that person is now could be how you will end up living the rest of your life. In fact, if the trend of texting while driving continues just to disprove this article, you are totally playing with your life and those around you. If you want to live your life to the fullest, then maybe that one text message does not need to be replied right away. Maybe it can wait until you have arrived at a resting place or your destination. Perhaps you wont be involved in a fatal crash and film a texting while driving advertisement to make the public more aware. But that will depend on how you wi ll deal with a ringing phone when your hands are on the wheel, your eyes focusing on the road. lay off the texts, stop the wrecks.

Goals of Competiton Law Essay

concord to Barry Rodger and Angus Macculoch, rivalry rectitude concerns intervention in the marketplace place, when there is more or less problem with the competitive process or when there is market failure. This includes ordinary authority intervention and is establish on different concerns of the principal levelheaded systems. They go on to state that monopolies, cartels and mergers argon the three principal issues of come to for most contender law systems, the major concern with cartels and mergers being that, finally they will achieve a monopoly position, dominate the market and exploit their position. Generally, the aboriginal purpose of competition law is to ensure that markets for producing and selling products are efficaciously contestable.Competition law therefore exists to regulate the conduct of championshipes, by preventing them from entering into anticompetitive agreements and abusing a predominate position, to ensure open and second-rate competition for both consumers and businesses.Nations encounter competition laws for various reasons so it is important to state expressly if possible, in the legislation the goal that it seeks to achieve for easier implementation. Various goals consider been put across to justify the existence of competition law which are discussed in the prove discussion at length. DISCUSSION The consumer interest and protection from anticompetitive behaviours by cartels and firms with market might, has been stressed as the primary goal of competition law. In whatsoever economy there are competing interests between industry and consumers hence the origin wish to amass wealth at the expense of the latter. It is therefore requisite for competition law to protect the ignorant consumer from the gluttony competitive tendencies of firms. chthonian the UK Enterprise Act 2002, section 11, the importance of the consumer is seen where super complaints are do to the Office of funfair Trading (OFT) by designated consumer bodies.Also, the OFT fined Manchester United, and other football game clubs for their role in harming the consumer by resale footing maintenance, of replica football strips. another(prenominal) goal is to ensure preservation of liberty and prevention of the concentration of frugal author. R. Whishcharacterized this as the promotion of economic equity rather than economic qualification. It is a political ideal that relates to the pure competition objective, that economic power should be fairly distributed and is based on the idea that economic corporations should not become more influential than elected democratic governments.Jones and Suffrin therefore moot that competition law may dish out the purpose of upholding the foundation of full(a) democracy, by precluding the creation of excessive private power and that it decentralizes and disperses private power and protects individual freedoms, in a competitive market structure, where individual sellers and buyers are i nsignifi toleratet in relation to the size of the market.Competition law in any case aims at protecting competitors and ensuring fair competition. The argument behind this goal is based on the premise that, competition law should be applied to value the ability of miniatureer companies to compete more directly with established big companies. R.Whish reasons that the competiton authorities should, hold the ring and ensure that the pure guy is addicted a fair chance to succeed. That competition law should be concerned with both competitors and the process of competition. This is as well known as the democrat goal and has been heavily criticized by the Chicago school of antitrust analysis, who argue that antitrust intervention to protect competitors from their more competent rivals is harmful to consumer welfare, since small inefficient firms may take wealth from consumers.I subscribe to the celestial horizon that where a smaller firm is equally or more efficient than a rival but because of its financial resources it cannot survive a price war, competition law should protect it. Creation of unified markets and prevention of sentimental barriers to trade is another goal of competition law. This is to a fault cal conduct market integration, which led to the birth of the European Union (EU). Its overall aim was to integrate the fraction states, to create more united Europe, with a common market, economic and fiscal union, to achieve sustainable economic growth and economic development, to compete favorably in the world market. Indeed this resulted into the eventual birth of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union which regulates a total of 27 European country markets and protects the regional economy of the EU. Competition law may as well as service social, economical or industrial, environmental and regional goals. For instance, before blessing of a merger competition authorities may look at other issues outside competition like job creat ion or job losses.Such goals should however be accommodated in other governmental arrangements to allow for meaningful competition. On analyzing the above goals, it can be think that there is impoverishment for competition law in a poor country like Kenya or Tanzania, to attain economic development. G.R Bhatiai stresses that the absence of fair competition eludes stakeholders the benefits of competition, persuading countries to either enact competition law or to evolve their existing legislation and to revamp Competition Authorities.In the discussion infra I majorly focus on Tanzania as per the question, considering her past socio-economic stages, the most key being, the Arusha Declaration 1967 which led to nationalization of all major means of production, hence liberalization of the economy in the mid 80s, leading to a dominant role of the private sector in commerce, though state own monopolies in the provision of social services, education and health still do exist. Accord ing to Louise du Pleiss et al, the challenges faced by developing countries Like Tanzania justify the acquire for competition law. That the general challenge faced by developing countries is spirited barriers to entry, yet for effective participation by any producer in the market, degree of accessibility to the market is important. These take the form of unrestrained business legalities such as licensing procedures, utmost taxes that limit imports of raw materials and a higher(prenominal) degree of state intervention in the form of state owned enterprises.Her market like any other developing country is also generally smaller compared to their developed counterparts, making a limited add up of firms to realize even devoteed distribution of resources and economies of scale. High production cost also act as a barrier to entry. Electricity for example costs US$ 1.11kwh, in Tanzania. In Uganda the same unit costs US$ 0.075 and KenyaUS$0.035, making it easier for investors to acce ss the latter markets. However, competition law can serve to improve, infrastructure for instance, which if underdeveloped limits competitiveness in the domestic market by barring entry. In Tanzania export Gross Domestic Product (GDP) declined the distributor point between 1995-1999 and so did the import GDP, one of the causes being closure in manufacturing firms due to rising costs of production, hence making the market small ,with few or no substitutable goods. Also, the structure of the economy of Tanzania is such that a bulk of the wealth is held by a disproportionate minority of its population.Competition law serves as a solution by which these inequalities can be addressed.Major industries according to Louise du Pleiss such as water, electricity, transportation tend to be dominated by the state owned monopolies who in turn revilement their positions by charging excessive prices and tying goods and services. In Tanzania the Tanzania Electric Supply troupe (TANESCO), monopoli ses distribution of electricity and takes advantage of this to charge high prices. It is argued that such monopolies warn innovation, but through the promulgation and enforcement of a well-designed competition law, attainment of par is possible since provisions to curb abuses by dominant firms will have a positive impact on the proper functioning of markets and equitable distribution of wealth.For instance, Section 59 (2) of the The Botswana Competition Act, 2009 permits the Competition Authority to task whether a proposed merger may interalia, enhance competitiveness of a citizen owned small and medium size enterprise, to encourage fair competition in the market. Competition law however, serves as a tool in the relief of poverty, through the regulation of firms by ensuring that they do not charge high prices, which directly affects the consumer. It has been stated that due to Cartel conduct, countries such as Tanzania, chile and Malawi have suffered a rise in food prices hence more than 100 million people have been pushed to deeper poverty.However in due south Africa, two pharmaceutical giants accused of engaging in excessive set of branded antiretroviral had to engage in a settlement agreement hence medication fell between 58% and 88% in southeasterly Africa. It has been argued however that due to interalia lack of resources, skill and capacity to implement competition law, other concerns like poverty, illiteracy, and health should be attended to. The severe shortfall of trained professionals to assess the complex competition law concepts also questions the need for competition law in poor country like Tanzania.Also competition law perse cannot achieve the goals stated above for it to be beneficial to Tanzania. Furthermore, the Fair Competition Act needs to be amended, to deal with the challenges discussed above to discipline confidence in investors in the market and to protect consumers.CONCLUSIONthough arguments for and against the need for compet ition law have been advanced, it remains relevant to a greater extent and it must go hand in hand with the goals it aims to achieve. The question however which must be addressed is, whether competition law based on US or European models is relevant for an jejune market like Tanzanias which, like any other African country has virtually no culture of consumer advocacy and its small market can only accommodate a few suppliers. The answer should be in the negative but in this era of globalization, neocolonialism is evident which has make it a challenge to effectively implement competition law.

Infosys Case Analysis Essay

? Case depth psychology infosys document structure We have approached the subject field by first analyzing the set issues, and then associate root causes to those issues. besides to it we have utilise dickens frameworks, Web of adjustment and Hewitt Best Employer Characteristics, to theoretically assess the weaknesses in Infosys gentlemans gentleman Resource and Change solicitude policies. These frameworks can be used by systems to better plan their transform commission and human resource direction initiatives.We have used Hewitts Best Employer Survey, to identify the linchpin initiatives which Infosys should undertake to enable it to reach its target of Best Employer by 2011. Further to it we believe that Best Employer and Best Performer ar complementary aspirations, and its difficult to achieve mavin with appear the other, and hence we have identified the paint initiatives which can help Infosys to achieve Best Performer target without flexible on its Best Employ er objective. about infosys Infosys is the second largest Indian IT software service company.Infosys has reached pinnacles of success in short span of 20 years, through advanced(a) product zephyr strategies and human resource practices. Currently it is facing challenges around balancing between line of reasoning growth and employee merriment. About its business Model Infosys delivers IT work to its clients globally in a model cal lead GDM (Global Delivery Model). The main symptomatic of this model is that it decouples client location and project exe deletionion. Project is executed in locations which provide best combination of cost and talent.Project teams are get around across client site and offshore development centers in countries standardized India, China, and Mexico etc which provide rich availability of talent at competitive cost. unremarkably teams at client site document requirements and manage client kind and offshore team manages delivery. This is a human res ource intensive manufacture and the challenge is exacerbated by the fact that around of the resources are in high spiritsly skilled professionals (engineers, MBAs, computer scientists etc). Being an industry where human resource is your only plus and your only competitive advantage, managing, ssues and line of descent begin analysis In this parting well analyze the issues identified in the case and will attempt to identify root causes which led to employee dissatisfaction. After our analysis we believe that issues mentioned in the case is symptomatic of gaps in general principles of leading, exchange management and HRM. Policies are non written in blood and stone, and they change over the lifetime of presidencys. What should non change are basic organizations principles around human resource management.Our judicial close is that indemnity changes in Infosys were reflective of external environment and business imperatives. However, divergent from the basic principles of Change management, leadership, communication and employee development in implementing peeled policies is what led to its fall in Best Employer ratings. Stock Options started inadequacying luster to the refreshed employees and created equity imbalance among employees Stakeholders conglomerate red-hotfound Employees Discontentment seismic disturbance unfairness of in go up/wealth effect in the company which created tension between employees.New employees who had seen Infosys from outside as an organization committed to fairness, equity, and employee wealth creation got disenchanted. Root Cause calamity to Manage Expectations This issue primarily arose because of incorrect prognosis setting of new employees. Infosys kept on using stock options and the millionaires stories as branding activity, take down when stock options were no more an incentive to new recruits. Company should have made it very clear about its new compensation philosophy when it discontinued ESOPS. 1. Managing scale and attrition risk Stakeholders tangled Employees ManagersDiscontentment Impact Infosys was growing at a speed where it was stunt woman its organizational strength every 1-2 years. However organization was plagued by high attrition rate. Employees felt lack of motivation, due to repetitive serve up tasks, which the business model demanded. Due to high growth, a can of employees moved up the managerial ladder, but lacked proper training and predilection and hence couldnt connect to employees Root Cause Lack of Employee fulfillment ( from the job ) spaced Lleaderships To stress on the need for the above two, well flip two examples from Indian public sector. Indian RailwaysIndian railways has recently transformed itself into a exceedingly profitable organization, and according to the officer on special with Railways, single most critical factor which contributed to this success is involvement and cargo of employees of railways despite having a poor compensati on structure. Employees of Indian railways take great pride in their work, since they believe they are contributing to the running of the countrys biggest base of operations and are responsible for transporting of 2 crore customers every days. This association with organizational goal and pride in your organization is what makes an organization for perpetuity.Due to changing business needs, Iinfosys couldnt connect to its employees in motivating them. Indian Army A unit commander in the army is able to inspire its soldiers to slip away up their life, compensation etc notwithstanding. The only reasons soldiers are so committed, is their immediate leader. It depends on the unit commanders ability to connect to his soldiers, motivate them and generate a genuine concern for their wellbeing, is what motivates the soldiers to do the unthinkable for their leader. According to smelling in human resources field, people leave managers and not companies.The leadership skills of managers a re the greatest source of employee fulfillment at work. Lack of engagement and loading of managers towards their subordinates, was probably the single biggest reason for high attrition rate at Infosys. 2. Strong formalization and process orientation, which came as part of growth, took away bandwidth to pioneer from employees. Stakeholders involved Employees Discontentment Impact Employees who were used to getting the thrill and satisfaction from using their skill on technical challenges were olfactory property cocooned because of new process driven and re-use methodology.Similar impact was get holdd in people policy issues. All personal policies were getting more and more formalized. Root Cause Lack of employee Motivation Resistance to change One of the basic principles of organization design is that you dont use strong formalization from super skilled agents (employees). Formalization is for low skilled repeatable tasks. Infosys should have come up with business models aimed a t high end, value added services much earlier. This would have kept its inherent talent not only move but better utilized for higher margins.In 1990s travel away from body shopping to GDM provide this opportunity, but in too soon to middle 2000s, Iinfosys couldnt reinvent itself. Formalization in organizational policies when it grows out from entrepreneurial stage is inevitable. Its actually needed to ensure undifferentiated implementation of policies and create a sense of equity and fairness among employee. Dissatisfaction on this front could be attributed to resistance to change, and hence effective change management principles should be employed for disruptive changes. 3. Introduction of variable pay Stakeholders involved EmployeesSenior Management HR Department Discontentment Impact changeable pay was received with a lot of skepticism by the employees, fearing that it was introduced to thin out their compensation Root Cause/s Change Management Failure Lack of Leadership e ngagement Communication Failure This was probably one of the most disruptive changes introduced by Infosys. The amount of skepticism and distrust displayed by employees was a first in Infosys. ready reaction of employees was that this policy has been introduced to cut employee costs to satisfy shareholders demand for higher and higher profitability.The fact that a vast majority of senior management were shareholders in the company added to employee distrust. there was no uncloudedness among employees how this policy will pan out. A lot of employees were not comfortable in linking their performance to factors outside their control (market conditions, decision taken by management etc). Also since the amount of variable division was high (more than 50% for project managers and above), employees could not visualize how much their periodical take home were.This is a classic case of failure in change management and involvement of leadership at every level. Infosys data on variable payout shows that most of the time company has delivered 100% payout and even higher percentage to high performers. So employee skepticism bore from lack of clarity and communication on this policy. Lack of clarity, communication and involvement of employees was to such an extent that even middle management was taken by force by this policy. Many managers, who couldnt evaluate the policy implementation, were reluctant in communicating the changes to the employees.For an employee first point of contact for clarification is his/her immediate line manager, hence its important to fully equip leadership at every level with information. To understand the role what leadership plays in motivating, retaining employees, we should look at armed forces. Unit commanders are able to motivate their employees to give their life, despite the fact that compensation package of soldiers is one of the lowest. This commitment in subordinates comes because of total commitment of their leader in engagin g with them and motivating with them.Immediate line managers are the biggest reason employees leave an organization and are excessively the main reason employees go beyond their capabilities to outperform. 4. Retaining Organizational Culture with steady track growth Stakeholders involved HR Department Employees Discontentment Impact Due to business growth imperatives, and its business model, Infosys was doubling its employee strength every 1-2 years. To accommodate this type of growth, it had to lower its hiring standards and quality and market-gardening was a victim of this. Root Cause/sLack of Employee on boarding ( orientation) readiness This issue had an impact on multiple facets. It led to a feeling disenchantment in existing employees, as they felt their brand equity in the market was getting diluted. New employees, who were not able to estimate infosys inherent culture, didnt felt comfortable and had a feeling that the organization is biased toward old employees. Root c ause of this issue was that although organization had changed its pickaxe criteria, it didnt change its employee orientation strategy, or training methodology.Infosys should have changed its orientation program to be more customized offering for uniform group of employees and using existing employees as mentor to help develop organizational culture and values in new employees. Similarly if you are hiring for quantity and not quality, it should have modified its training plan to be more exhaustive. 5. unsubtle Banding and promotions Stakeholders involved Employees Discontentment Impact Lack of faith in the organization Chaos and confusion in employees minds Root Cause/s Change Management Communication LeadershipThis policy again created a lot of employee discomfort since they didnt knew the details of change. Its again a classic change management failure. Although the policy was designed to bring more clarity in role structure and bring equity amongst similar roles, across the orga nization, poor communications created fear and scientism in minds of people. We can observe from the reinvention of Indian Railways, one of the reasons organization could progress on the growth trajectory, was employee commitment to the cause of Indian Railways, despite of low compensation.Employees felt proud to be part of the worlds biggest railways and were motivated to excel. Some of the senior managers lacked clarity about policies, hence they were apprehensive of clarifying the policy. This shows a major organizational failure in terms of change management and engagement of leadership with people. Similarly as discussed above, since employee appraisal parameters were not clearly defined, an employee could not appreciate how his/her appraisal going to impact promotions? Web Of Change Change Management FrameworkTo do substantiate our above understanding of issues at Iinfosys, we used Web of Change, a change management framework to understand the change management issues at Info sys. Web of change is the framework proposed by Stephen Thomas. This model defines 8 change elements as shown below and the web of change helps us to see how the values of each element changed during the Organization Change process in Infosys. The baseline score is the value of the Change elements in Infosys during the glory years of 1990s and the re-assessment scores the value of the same change elements in the 2000s when Infosys was going through the Growth pangs.

Consumer Perception on Hero Moto Corp

A Study on consumer light towards HERO MotoCorp bikes and after gross sales services provided in Chennai city A Project proposal (Submitted by R. Sethuraman, Roll No 0906MBA0547 Reg No 68210250011) 1. 1 PRIMARY OBJECTIVES * To analyze consumer perception towards fighter aircraft Honda force back bikes * To sop up feed back on what consumer expects from Hero Honda * To analyze consumer perception towards services offered by Hero Honda andperformance of the motor cycle. 1. 2 SECONDARY OBJECTIVES To analyze the buying ratio of the various products by customer and to identify the top rated products/bikes and which of the service satisfies them. * To identify the various features of bikes those argon expected by most of the customers while buying the two wheelers. * To get the statistics on satisfaction ratio of the customers on the virtuoso Honda products and services who owns hero Honda bikes. 1. 3 NEED OF THE STUDY Nowadays two wheelers become genuinely important thing which is very convenient vehicle in passing traffic cities like Chennai.So many leading companies are there in this field like tvs, bajaj, yamaha, and etc, but Hero Honda / Hero moto corp is unrivalled of the most successful enterprise for past 25 years. The study describes how this botheration is differing from other providers and why people go for it. Also it brings the various statistic results on the buying ratio. 1. 4 FRAME WORK OF DATA ANALYSIS TOOLS entropy analysis is seen to be series of distinct action * Formulate entropy analysis goals. * State assumption about data measurement * mend the hypothesis Choose the appropriate statistical test * Determine the substantial level and decision rules. * Calculate the test statistics * Observe the critical lever of the test statistics from the statistical table. * Draw necessary inferences. 1. 5 DELIVERABLES * The study helps to control the level of awareness and perception of the customers towards Hero Honda bikes. * It also provide s the information think to the source of awareness and the factors that influence the customer decision making, which is very effective for the Hero motocorp to capture the market.

Market Research †Case Study Spaghetti Fettuccini Essay

1. Establish the goals of research that should be developed.There atomic number 18 several goals of research that should be developed for fettuccini S.A.. First of all, they select to properly analyze their current situation and bed oddly the Spanish consumers behaviour and expectations in rate to change their product to the commercializes demands. Also, they need to consider their potence mod(a) costumers. They withal need to analyze their competition, lead to dwell what products and at what value they are marketing and what are the competitors weaknesses so that they grass get strategic advantage out of their position.The company has some experiences with selling whole grain alimentary paste, however they need to test their new products, especially the new pasta product line since it is a fresh product. fettuccine S.A. also needs to find out if they should open their own points of gross revenue or if they should rather focus on distribution to existing shops. Fin ally, they need to establish a marketing strategy in order to know what kind of advertisement is the most suitable and effective for their business, and the way in which they want to transmit their messages.As the company had difficultys with punctual facey and their attend to in general before, it would definitely be necessary to investigate also about these two points. They are not acceptable and must be improved once the reasons for two of these weaknesses are figured out. some other problem which should be resolved by investigating within the company is the companys structure itself it is not efficient since the different departments are fixed in different areas of Spain. Such a decentralized management is not agile enough for a company of fettuccinis size of it and produces too high costs.2. Through the Internet, conduct a research to ensure the junior-grade market for fresh pasta and define the main competitors of our company.The Fettuccini Company has already investig ated on the junior-grade distribution of some new products such(prenominal) as freshly prepared pasta in order to diversify their offer, which was marketed in the fast-food restaurants of an accredited company in Madrid. Since the primary market for Fettuccini S.A. is the public administration, I would consider the following possible secondary private markets. An estimation of the world pasta outturn gives us an paper of the positioning of the Spanish pasta market. The estimated world pasta production in 2012 has been around 13.5 million tonnes, distributed as follows1Spain has produced 252,208 tons and is ranked on the thirteenth position of the global pasta producers while number one, Italy, has produced 3,316,728 tons. As remote as the pasta consumption is concerned, Italy dominates with 26.0 kg/ capita, while Spain only consumes 5.0 kg/ capita2. Although the pasta market in Spain is not as huge as in Italy, there is still enough potential for successful production and distri bution of pasta products.The main competitors of Fettuccini S.A. come mainly from Italy and are companies like Buitoni with 22% of the market share, El Pavo, Rana or Gallo with a 10% of the total market share3. Other smaller competitors could possibly be Gusti dItalia S.R.L., EGO Internationl S.R.L. or Tomasicchio Giuseppe4.The secondary market for fresh pasta products in Spain is on counter, which would be through chains function fresh products such as Nostrum, Fresco etc., and also the traditional restaurants component fresh pasta. Another big secondary market for fresh pasta are supermarkets5. Furthermore, specialized small shops selling food to take international for example should also be taken into account as potential customers. Delicatessen shops and restaurants can also be interesting partners for Fettuccini S.A. since both are offering high quality and exclusive fresh products. Another big secondary market are companies who offer catering or lunch service for their empl oyees, and who might be interested in receiving quotidian fresh pasta dishes. The big opportunity for Fettuccini S.A. in this secondary market is that they produce in Spain, which means they should be able to deliver a lot faster and at a more agonistic price.3. Define the qualitative technique that you will use and introduce a dash of qualitative questions.In order to obtain data and efficacious information about what Fettuccini S.A. can expect from their potential market, get to know the preferences of their costumers and establish themselves in the market, they could use several qualitative techniques such as focus groups, triads, dyads, in-depth interviews, uninterrupted observation, bulletin boards, and ethnographic participation/observation. scarcely due to the problem that many of these techniques are not only expensive, but especially time-consuming and the responses might be difficult to interpret, Fettuccini S.A. should in my opinion work with focus groups and combine t he results with the results obtained from observation in points of sales, for example. some(prenominal) for the focus groups and for the observations in points of sales, this could be combined with letting people tasting the fresh pasta products and afterwards asking them specific questions.

Causes Of Stress Essay

Stress is usually yardd by too often pressure being put on us by others or in some cases by ourselves and if its left unchecked, seek sight lead to an inability to function effectively, meaning a person give no longer be able to cope with the pressures placed upon them. The design of this essay is to analyze these three main causes of tense.The first major cause of underline is finances. Debts are piling up. Credit Card payments, pending owe installments, rising costs of education, mounting expenditure on health concerns. College students stress over paying for an education, older senior citizens find that retirement income atomic number 50 be a major cause of stress. This is pretty significant because fiscal stress is linked to health problems like depression and sleep problem.The atomic number 16 cause of stress is work. You may be worried to the highest degree your future(a) promotion. You readiness be facing the negative or bullying behaviour of your boss. You migh t not be reaching your well-deserved career goals you might be worried due to office politics. You might be stressed about some major change that is taking place in the organization, or, you might be under stress because of the prospect of losing your job. Students, especially teenagers and college age students, constitute school work as a cause of stress. Sometimes, work stress is brought on by others. Sometimes, we bring it on ourselves.The third cause of stress is Health. For some, the stress is linked to obesity, and a desire to lose weight. For others, the stress is a personal bas habit that affects health and must be changed. For example, smoking, abuse of alcoholic drink or other drugs. Illness or injury, whether less or more than serious, can be a leading cause of stress for umpteen people.In conclusion, There are many cause of stress in nowadays, and stress have many effect for our health so how to falling off stress? There are many different ways to give care stress. They are Take Care of Yourself, Maintaining The Right Attitude, Creating The Right Atmosphere, Interactive Resources.

Life Without Music Essay

Music is in many slipway the fabric of our lives and the definition of federation. It is a reminder of how things once were, an indication of how things are, and a view of where nightspot is headed. Music is a direct reflection of the understand of society. Music apprise be a way to deliver messages, a poetic medium, a fine prowess, or nonhing more than a source of entertainment. No matter what it is used for, medicinal drug is the entire maneuver and our lives would be that much less complete without it that life as we fill in it would non at all be the aforementioned(prenominal) without harmony. Music is the perfect art. It has movement, because it progresses over a set period of time. All medicamental flora know a beginning and an end.However, medical specialty does not restrict the auditory modality in the way that movies or graphic art does. The get a lineer can realize whatever image she or he wants to when attending to music. It is an art that appeals to the conscious mind, but the best music also appeals to the subconscious. No theme is required to enjoy good music, though it is often thought-inspiring. Instrumental music does not bind the listener into a fixed template in the way that literature and poetry do the reaction to music is contrasting from person to person. Although it is probably the most difficult to produce the desired resource in instrumental music, it can be done.Beethovens Opus 27, Number 2, mild Sonata No. 14, First Movement gives the image of a tired gray-headed man writing by the light of the moon and his passion without victimization any dustup at all. Music with lyrics is often think ofred to as words set to music. This is not always the case. Sometimes it is more accurate to refer to music with lyrics as music set to words. This form both widens and restricts the composers exquisite range. Lyrics work up it easier for composers to bring out their main ideas without expressing them in notesNnot all composers give the power of Beethoven However, they restrict the images of the musical work in the same way that prose and poetry limit their subject. Whether instrumental or lyrical, music comes from the tribe and can enlighten us all. It was during the 1960s that the social revolution and the struggles for civic rights inspired such musicians as Bob Dylan, Janis Joplin and Joan Baez to redeem songs of protest. In turn, the music of these artists, and many others, influenced the boylikeer generations and spread the word of the revolution.Without music, many teenagers of the time would not break been given the influence of the time or its associated mentality. Music was, and continues to be, a kind of social education to the younger generation. Teenagers turn to popular music for their philosophies and get a sense of their place in the clementity. In fact, cliques of young people are often defined by the music they listen to punks listen to punk rock and heavy metal nerds are reputed to listen to realal music the in crowd listens to the latest material selection music has to offer the loners listen to obscure pop artists or classic rock. Youth culture would be much less vivid than it is if the ball had no music. Generations would not be sparked to action without music. The war drums of primitive peoples were a kind of music. It was they that stirred the Cavemen and the Vikings to caseicipate in decade-long wars. Musics social influence is ever-present. Our society is shaped by it. Not only is music the chisel of society it is a constant thread that runs through nature.Music is everywhere the get of falling water, the rustle of leaves underfoot, the call of wild birdsNeven the sound of rush-hour traffic is a kind of music. The common definition of music is a series of pitches and rhythms that corroborate an overall coherence. This definition is limited to man-make music. Synthetic music is very just one kind of music. The sounds of nature are all part of the greater Music of the universe. Man-made music is entirely influenced by the real music of nature. The pulse of the heart is the constant bass drum. The sound of walking feet is the alternating snare drum. The rustle of leaves in the wind is the highest string section. A rivers flowing sound fills out the harmony. The Symphony of Nature is the mother of mans receive music. The absence of the greater Music cannot be considered. Music is the Universe. The idea of an absence of man-made music would be almost as inconceivable. For humans to realize music is inevitable. It is as natural as thought. With mankind being ring by natures Music, he has no choice but to make music of his own. Therefore, the idea of a serviceman without music is highly hypothetical.One would preferably consider a life without experiences or a year without days. A day in a world without music might proceed like this One would awaken to the sound of a radio announcer verbalise about politics. On the way to work, the radio show would consist of interviews with famed personalities. The work day would be terribly boring, since the office would not have any decorations (these would have been made by artists who had been influenced by music). That change surface, the television commercials would have no jingles, only women promoting kitchen cleaners in white kitchens. The contestants of Jeopardy would write down their questions for Final Jeopardy in complete silence, without the famous tune. The evening movie would be almost mute. It would seem to be like a silent film, with no incidental or theme music to attach the otherwise bland actors. In the restaurant, the date would be boring and unenlightening. incomplete he nor she would be able to come out with any remotely intelligent ideas without music in the background to keep the brain working. The nights dreams would not be scored with a happy tune or a long-winded nocturne. They would take place in silence, a drab, dark world of nothing. This world without music seems to have incoherences and cracks in it. It does not make sense and does not quite explain itself. Music is essential for the world to even make sense. It is as fundamentally inherent as gravity is in the universe. whatsoever attempt to restrict or control music, such as is made in communist politics, is both vain and unrealistic.One cannot challenge the broadloom of the universe when making political policies To think that the natural urge to create music in the image of the greater Music can be repressed is an exercise in na*vet. Music is societys mark. The history of human musicians is rich, and has many fine people lining its ranks. Music has changed the artistic and non-artistic world immeasurably, such that a world without music is nothing more than a terrifying fantasy. The very prospect is difficult to consider. A world without music would be a quiet place indeed.